How free is Azad Kashsmir". The Indian Express. March 26, 2016. Archived from the original on March 27, 2016 . Retrieved March 26, 2016. a b Gurdip Singh Kler (1995). Unsung Battles of 1962. Lancer Publishers. p.156. ISBN 978-1-897829-09-7. Aksai Chin - the name, means the desert of white stones.

India later approached the United Nations, asking it to resolve the dispute, and resolutions were passed in favour of the holding of a plebiscite with regard to Kashmir's future. However, no such plebiscite has ever been held on either side, since there was a precondition that required the withdrawal of the Pakistani army along with the non-state elements and the subsequent partial withdrawal of the Indian army. [33] from the parts of Kashmir under their respective control– a withdrawal that never took place. [34] In 1949, a formal cease-fire line separating the Indian- and Pakistani-controlled parts of Kashmir came into effect. According to legend, an ascetic named Kashyapa reclaimed the land now comprising Kashmir from a vast lake. That land came to be known as Kashyapamar and, later, Kashmir. Buddhism was introduced by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century bce, and from the 9th to the 12th century ce the region appears to have achieved considerable prominence as a centre of Hindu culture. A succession of Hindu dynasties ruled Kashmir until 1346, when it came under Muslim rule. The Muslim period lasted nearly five centuries, ending when Kashmir was annexed to the Sikh kingdom of the Punjab in 1819 and then to the Dogra kingdom of Jammu in 1846. Awans – A clan with significant numbers in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, living mainly in the Bagh, Poonch, Hattian Bala, and Muzaffarabad. Awans also reside in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in large numbers. [62] [63] [64]

By the end of the 1950s, in addition to having constructed a road, numerous PLA Ground Force outposts were constructed in a few locations, including at Tianwendian, [69] Kongka Pass, [70] Heweitan [71] and Tianshuihai. [72] The road was later upgraded to the China National Highway 219. In the modern day, there are a few businesses along the highway serving motorists. [73] The Sind River Or The Sindh River Urdu سندھ ندی Kashmiri سیندھ Is A River In The Ganderbal District Of Jammu And Kashmir State Of India

Recognized medical colleges in Pakistan". Pakistan Medical and Dental Council. Archived from the original on August 19, 2010 . Retrieved November 19, 2013. a b Statistical Year Book 2020 (PDF). Muzaffarabad: AJ&K Bureau Of Statistics. pp.131, 140. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022 . Retrieved March 3, 2022. Jabeen, Nazish; Malik, Sajid (June 2014), "Consanguinity and Its Sociodemographic Differentials in Bhimber District, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan", Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 32 (2): 301–313, PMC 4216966, PMID 25076667, Kashmiri population in the northeast of Pakistan has strong historical, cultural and linguistic affinities with the neighbouring populations of upper Punjab and Potohar region of Pakistan. Hallberg, Calinda E.; O'Leary, Clare F. (1992). "Dialect Variation and Multilingualism among Gujars of Pakistan". In O'Leary, Clare F.; Rensch, Calvin R.; Hallberg, Calinda E. (eds.). Hindko and Gujari. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan. Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp.91–196. ISBN 969-8023-13-5. Literacy Rate in Azad Kashmir nearly 62 pc". Pakistan Times. MUZAFFARABAD (Azad Kashmir). September 27, 2004. Archived from the original on February 27, 2005.

Flag use in Jammu and Kashmir

On September 11, 2019, People's Liberation Army troops confronted Indian troops on the northern bank of Pangong Lake. [47] [48] Gaver, John W. (2011). Protracted Contest: Sino-Indian Rivalry in the Twentieth Century. University of Washington Press. p.83. ISBN 978-0295801209 . Retrieved 4 January 2020. The westerly route via Aksai Chin was an old caravan route and in many ways the best. It was the only route that was open year-round, throughout both the winter and the monsoon season. The Dzungar army that had reached Lhasa in 1717 ... had followed this route. Main articles: History of Azad Kashmir and 1947 Poonch rebellion A 1946 map of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir; present-day Azad Kashmir constitutes areas of the three western-most districts a b Inter-Services Public Relations (1991), Defence and Media 1991, Inter Services Public Relations, Pakistan, p.126 : "Lieutenant Colonel (Retired) Abdul Haq Mirza has the honour of designing the flag of Azad Kashmir and formation signs of Azad Kashmir Regular Forces." See also: Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly, Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir, and Interim Constitution of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (1974) Muzaffarabad, the capital city of Azad Kashmir Bagh City

Rahman, Tariq (2002). Language, ideology and power: language learning among the Muslims of Pakistan and North India. Karachi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-579644-5. Prior to 1950, the visitors of Aksai Chin were, for the most part, the occasional explorers, hunters, and nomads who passed through the area. [59] [60] [61] [62] The Leepa Valley is located 105km (65mi) southeast of Muzaffarabad. It is the most charming and scenic place for tourists in Azad Kashmir. Suleri, Abid Qaiyum; Savage, Kevin. "Remittances in crises: a case study from Pakistan" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 22, 2007 . Retrieved June 5, 2010.Saraf, Muhammad Yusuf (2015) [first published 1979 by Ferozsons], Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 2, Mirpur: National Institute Kashmir Studies The region is located along the northernmost extremity of the Indian-Australian tectonic plate. The subduction of that plate beneath the Eurasian Plate—the process that for roughly 50 million years has been creating the Himalayas—has produced heavy seismic activity in Kashmir. One especially powerful earthquake in 2005 devastated Muzaffarabad, which is the administrative centre of Azad Kashmir, and adjacent areas including parts of India’s Jammu and Kashmir state (now Jammu and Kashmir union territory) and Pakistan’s North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). Snedden, Christopher (2015). Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris. Oxford University Press. p.23. ISBN 978-1-84904-622-0. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023 . Retrieved March 20, 2018. Sudhans – (also known as Sadozai, Sardar) are the second largest tribe, living mainly in the districts of Poonch, Sudhanoti, Bagh, and Kotli in Azad Kashmir, and allegedly originating from the Pashtun areas. [65] [62] [63] Together with the Rajputs, they are the source of most of Azad Kashmir's political leaders. [66]

Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) is nominally a self-governing state, [40] but ever since the 1949 ceasefire between Indian and Pakistani forces, Pakistan has exercised control over the state without incorporating it into Pakistan. [2] [41] Azad Kashmir has its own elected president, prime minister, legislative assembly, high court (with Azam Khan as its present chief justice), and official flag. [42]Azad Kashmir". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on October 12, 2020 . Retrieved April 17, 2021. The migration to the UK was accelerated and by the completion of Mangla Dam in 1967 the process of ' chain migration' became in full flow. Today, remittances from British Mirpuri community make a critical role in AJK's economy. In the mid-1950s various economic and social development processes were launched in Azad Kashmir. In the 1960s, with the construction of the Mangla Dam in Mirpur District, the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Government began to receive royalties from the Pakistani government for the electricity that the dam provided to Pakistan. During the mid-2000s, a multibillion-dollar reconstruction began in the aftermath of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. [84] Kashmir profile". BBC News. November 26, 2014. Archived from the original on July 16, 2015 . Retrieved July 24, 2015.